"Surfer’s Eye" or Pterygium

Dra. Karina Marian Rayas Covarrubias

Have you ever noticed in yourself or another person a fleshy part that grows in the white part of the eye?

If the answer is yes, it is probably a pterygium or commonly known as "Surfer's eye." It is essential to differentiate it from a cataract since it is an opacity of the crystalline lens found within the eyeball. A Pterygium is external and superficial.

What is it?

A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva or mucous membrane covering the white part of your eye over the cornea. The cornea is the transparent front covering of the eye. This benign or noncancerous growth is often shaped like a wedge. A pterygium usually doesn't cause problems or require treatment, but it can be removed if it interferes with your vision.

What causes it?

There is no unique cause, but the following are the most important factors related to its appearance and severity:

1. UV Radiation (Inadequate exposure to the sun)
2. Genetic predisposition
3. Ocular dryness
4. Frequent and chronic exposure to dust, wind, or small particles.
5. Constant and persistent friction (micro traumatisms)

Is it bothersome?

The main symptoms include:

1. Redness of the eye
2. The feeling of sand or a foreign body
3. Tearing
4. Burning
5. Astigmatism (distorted or blurry vision)
6. Aesthetic ocular affectation

What risk does it represent? Is it dangerous?

It is cataloged as benign; the risk of cancer is almost none.

However, without proper treatment and care, it can become bothersome and may even cause sight problems.

What is the treatment?

The treatment and monitoring depend on the severity of the symptoms and the size of the Pterygium. In some cases, you only need lubricating, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive eye drops. If the symptoms are more severe or uncomfortable even after treatment, surgery can likely become necessary.

 It is essential to mention that a Pterygium is a condition that seems to resurface after treatment and surgery. The risk depends on the conditions of each patient.

How do I know if I need surgery?

Depending on the size and gravity, the patient will need surgery. You may need surgery if:

• Severe or moderate cornea invasion.
• Persistent symptoms, even with the correct treatment.
• Secondary astigmatism or constant vision alterations.
• Aesthetic discomfort.

Surgery is done with local anesthesia; it consists of removing the affected part of the eye and placing a graft (a healthy portion of the patient's sclera) or amniotic membrane. On occasion, special medication is applied during surgery to avoid a relapse of symptoms.

For any questions, I am at your service to offer the best for you and your family.

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